Perbandingan Aplikasi ELISA dalam Deteksi Rabies dan Bruselosis

Comparison of ELISA Applications in Rabies and Brucellosis Detection

Abstrak

Rabies and brucellosis are zoonotic diseases with significant public health and economic impacts, particularly in livestock sectors. Early detection and immune surveillance through serological tests are essential for effective control. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has become widely adopted due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This review compares the application of Indirect ELISA in the detection of rabies and brucellosis, focusing on reagent effectiveness and diagnostic performance. For rabies, the combination of TMB substrate and Protein A-HRP conjugate produced higher and more stable optical density (OD) readings at 450 nm, making it ideal for post-vaccination evaluation. In contrast, ELISA for brucellosis demonstrated high sensitivity (100%) but lower specificity (74.68%) compared to the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), making it more suitable as a preliminary screening tool. This comparison highlights the need to tailor ELISA designs to disease context—reagent stability for rabies and layered diagnostic strategies for brucellosis. The study also emphasizes the importance of optimizing local diagnostic kits and adopting integrated approaches in zoonotic disease control in Indonesia.