Jurnal Biodiversitas dan Bioteknologi

Strategi Pencegahan Influenza Terhadap Resistensi dan Efektivitas Antiviral : Kajian Literatur

2025-02-02T21:33:59+07:00

Influenza is a viral infection that can cause serious complications and spread rapidly. Antivirals such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and baloxavir are effective at reducing the duration of illness if given within the first 48 hours. However, viral mutations can lead to resistance to antivirals, decreasing the effectiveness of treatment. This review analyzes antiviral resistance and effectiveness based on a literature review from various sources. Results show that resistance to oseltamivir and amantadine is a major challenge, and antiviral effectiveness is affected by the timing of administration, patient condition, and viral mutations. Several strategies, including antiviral combinations, new drug development, herbal plants, and vaccination, were developed to overcome resistance, but none have been fully effective. Monitoring viral resistance and developing adaptive treatment strategies are needed to improve influenza control.

Review: Teknologi Biosensor dalam Mendeteksi Senyawa Antidiabetes pada Tanaman

2024-08-07T19:49:29+07:00

Type 2 diabetes is a serious, widespread health problem worldwide that causes reduced quality of life, mortality, mortality and significant economic burden. The high number of diabetes sufferers in Indonesia has encouraged the development of anti-diabetic drugs, including those derived from plants used as traditional medicine. The role of biosensors in detecting antidiabetic compounds in plants is very important because they can provide fast, accurate and sensitive methods for biochemical analysis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of biosensor technology used for detecting antidiabetic compounds in plant leaves by discussing the general principles of biosensors, their mechanisms using electrochemical biosensor devices, paper-based biosensors, and microzone plastic-based biosensors. The literature study was carried out by searching articles from various leading journal databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. A review was carried out regarding biosensor devices as anti-diabetic compound detectors with three technical types, namely electrochemical, paperbased and microzone plastic-based. Based on sensitivity and other advantages, microzone plastic-based biosensors are the best biosensors compared to the other two biosensors. The use of microzone plastic-based biosensors is also very simple, requiring only the placement of the sample on the detection area, after which the compound can be detected through the scanner/sensor features embedded in the device

Review: Peran Protein Virus dalam Host Immune System Evasion

2025-01-06T13:47:13+07:00

The human body has an immune system that functions to protect the body from pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. This system consists of two types of immunity: non-specific immunity (innate immunity) and specific immunity (adaptive immunity). Non-specific immunity acts quickly using various cells and molecules to combat pathogens, while specific immunity takes longer but is more effective and has the ability to remember pathogens for a faster response in the future. Despite this, many viruses have developed mechanisms to evade detection and elimination by the immune system, known as immune evasion. This evasion is carried out in various ways, including modifications of viral proteins that disrupt immune pathways, such as antigen presentation, interferon signaling, and immune cell functions. This literature review aims to identify the various strategies used by viruses to evade the immune system. The method used is a literature search from various scientific journals such as PubMed, Wiley, and Elsevier. The analysis results show that viruses can avoid PRR detection, inhibit JAK-STAT signaling, and regulate autophagy to survive and replicate within the host body. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms by viruses, which are a major challenge in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. A deep understanding of these immune evasion mechanisms in crucial for developing more effective strategies to fight viral immune evasion, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of therapies and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases

Peran Virus Onkolitik dalam Terapi Kanker: Tinjauan Literatur

2025-02-01T19:03:28+07:00

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world and a major challenge in the medical world. This disease is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and can damage healthy tissue. Conventional therapy still has limitations, so new approaches are needed such as oncolytic virus-based therapy. This study aims to present a review of the use of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy, including the mechanism of action, effectiveness, and challenges faced. The method used is an online literature review with a focus on various aspects of oncolytic viruses. The results show that oncolytic viruses can destroy cancer cells in a specific way, while triggering the body's immune response. In addition, this therapy shows better effectiveness when combined with chemotherapy. The use of oncolytic viruses as cancer therapy offers promising potential, although there are still challenges in terms of virus spread and patient response. Further development is needed to maximize the effectiveness of this therapy.

Green Nanotechnology Sintesis Nanopartikel (NP) dari Tanaman untuk Bioremediasi Logam Berat Hg, Cr, dan Pb Kajian Literatur

2025-02-04T11:52:19+07:00

Heavy metals are toxic pollutants that cause environmental pollution. Heavy metals that enter the environment cannot be degraded either biologically or chemically and can remain in the environment for a long time. Bioremediation is a technique to protect the environment from contaminants using biological agents. One of the Green Nanotechnology technologies can contribute to bioremediation. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to find out the concept of green nanotechnology bioremediation by synthesizing nanoparticles from plants for bioremediation of heavy waste hg, cr, Pb. the literature review method used is an online-based literature review with sources derived from Google Scholar, Pubmed and Sciencedirect. Plant extracts were obtained in both aqueous and non-aqueous media using hot solvents or cold extraction methods. The plant extracts were then filtered and a solution suitable for the nanoparticles to be synthesized was added. Nanotechnology bioremediation has high potential to be used in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater treatment technologies to filter on a nanoscale so that water is able to pass but large materials such as bacteria and viruses and their products (toxins) will be filtered out on nanoparticles. In addition, catalysts and filters can be designed to produce high adsorption strength so that they can absorb heavy metal ions.

Evaluasi Jumlah Monosit, Jumlah Limfosit dan Kadar Anti Streptolysin-O pada Pasien Tonsilitis Anak

2025-11-25T11:29:02+07:00

Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils that can occur in children, caused by the bacteria Streptococcus haemolyticus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Poor oral hygiene, physical exhaustion, and certain types of food are other risk factors for chronic tonsillitis. When bacteria enter the tonsil tissue, monocytes differentiate into macrophages that destroy foreign objects. Activated lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce ASO antibodies. This study aims to determine the relationship between the number of monocytes and lymphocytes and Anti-Streptolysin-O levels in pediatric tonsillitis patients. This study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted in July-August 2025 at Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga Regional General Hospital by measuring the number of monocytes and lymphocytes using a hematology analyzer and Anti-Streptolysin-O levels using the latex agglutination method. The sample size for this study was 32 pediatric tonsillitis patients using accidental sampling. The relationship between monocyte and lymphocyte counts and ASO levels was analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation test. The results of the Spearman's rho correlation test showed that there was no correlation between the number of monocytes and ASO levels (p=0.637, r=0.087) or between the number of lymphocytes and ASO levels (p=0.412, r=-0.150). There was no correlation between the number of monocytes and lymphocytes and ASO levels in pediatric tonsillitis patients. More research is needed on inflammatory markers such as HsCRP, Procalcitonin (PCT) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6).

Evaluasi Jumlah Leukosit, Jumlah Netrofil, dan Kadar Anti Streptolysin O pada Pasien Tonsilitis Anak

2025-11-25T12:13:34+07:00

Tonsillitis is a common global disease that most frequently affects children, particularly those aged 5–9 years. The primary cause of tonsillitis is infection of the tonsils by Streptococcus ?-hemolyticus Group A bacteria. Leukocytes play a key role in fighting infections, while neutrophils, as the main cells involved in acute inflammation, destroy bacteria through phagocytosis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between leukocyte and neutrophil counts and Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) levels in children with tonsillitis. This research employed a cross-sectional design involving 32 pediatric tonsillitis patients, both inpatients and outpatients, at Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Regional Hospital, Purbalingga. ASO levels were measured using the latex agglutination method, while hematological parameters—total leukocyte and neutrophil counts—were measured using a hematology analyzer based on the flow cytometry method. Data on the correlation between leukocyte and neutrophil counts and ASO levels were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation test. The results showed no significant correlation between leukocyte count and ASO level (p = 0.424, r = 0.146), and no correlation between neutrophil count and ASO level (p = 0.653, r = 0.083). There was no significant correlation between leukocyte and neutrophil counts and ASO levels in children with tonsillitis. Further studies are recommended using ASO measurement methods such as ELISA or turbidimetry, as well as additional inflammatory markers including Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interferon-? (IFN-?), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-? (TNF-?).